学象棋步骤?
了解基础知识
学习基础知识是入门必须做的,比如:象棋的棋子棋盘是什么样子的?棋子有哪些?每种棋子该怎么走,怎么吃棋?只有先了解这些基础知识,我们才能顺利进行下一步。
2、找一些入门资料
网上有入门教学资料,书籍视频等都是可以的,看自己习惯哪种学习方式。
怎样学下象棋?
1、从单子杀王开始,逐步学习,双子,多子杀法的运用。实用残局必须要基本掌握,这一阶段会很枯燥,要耐心学习,这也是学棋的基本功。象棋中局的学习就是要多看一些,大师或精典的中局片断,对象棋战术的运用要仔细分析,拆透,开阔思路,注意中局和残局的衔接。中残局有了一定基础后。我们就要开始接触布局,象棋的布局种类很多,比如中炮局,屏风马, 反宫马,飞相等等。这里我们重点要先学会一种先手开局,比如我们可以,学习中炮局的进攻方式。
2、学习棋谱。大家可以学习《橘中秘》《自出洞来无敌手》等棋谱。然后,掌握一种后手布局,比如,屏风马局的后手反击。
3、学习了这些以后,再观看练习现代顶尖高手实战对局,理解高手的棋局构思,战术应用,入局手段等,这样使自己的象棋水平不断提高。
象棋几岁开始学?
象棋从四至六岁学习象棋比较好。
因为孩子在四至六岁期间,对大人们下象棋很有好奇心,时常会趴在桌子上观看、揣摩大人的一举一动,能初步掌握一些棋子的运行规律。
另外,孩子们在四至六岁期间,还没有上学,不影响他们的学习,所以这个时候正是爱好下象棋的孩子学习象棋的好时机。
儿童学象棋文案?
每个儿童都应该有自己的兴趣爱好,只有这样才能让孩子在未来道路上有所特长,才能让他更好的适应外面的社会儿童学象棋,可以更加有利于儿童的思维模式的开拓,让儿童保持一份冷静的范围,在象棋课里面能够冷静地对待自己的对手,他的人生就好比在象棋里面的战场一般!
怎么学象棋快?
棋友你好,我学习象棋已将近30个年头了,新手如何学象棋?个人看法如下:
前提:对象棋真心喜欢,兴趣十足,兴趣是最好的老师。有了兴趣加上长期的琢磨研究才可能成为高手。方法步骤:
一、学习残局:
记熟基本杀法和杀招定式。残局的时候,两方的棋子数量都减少到了双方能接受的程度,不会再轻易与对方交换对子了。重点就是根据现有的子力,奔着赢棋“将死”对方去走棋,这就离不开对基本杀法的数量程度。残局开始的时候就要判断局势,计算出我方哪几个棋子是赢过对方所必须保留的,那些棋子是可以为了大局而舍弃掉的。还要知道主要的棋子需要处在棋盘的那些主要位置,才能最终赢棋。残局的研究要贯穿学棋的全部过程。即便后面你已经很厉害了,也不能放下,因为残局是多变的,也是锻炼你下棋计算能力的最好研究对象。
二、学习开局:
残局有一定功底后,就要研究开局的走法。开局分你先走棋(先手),还你后走棋(后手)。开局现在主要有顺炮、列炮、飞相局、起马局、仙人指路等主流布局。也有冷门的铁滑车、敢死炮等(这些冷门布局不建议学,华而不实)。开始的时候先手后手布局最好先研究1-2个,多了脑子会乱。学好了1-2个布局体系后,其他的再慢慢涉及,融会贯通。开局随着时代的发展,也是不断变化的,对开局的研究也会变随着下棋的全过程。
三、练习中局
掌握好几种开局后,要多进行实战演练,在网上或者找朋友对弈。对弈的过程是验证前面所学的一个过程,能很好的发现自己的问题,以便于改正。对弈除了锻炼开局和残局能力之外,最重要的是锻炼中局的能力。中局是一盘棋的中间环节,承上启下。开局布好了阵仗,如果对方没有按你想的去走棋,要多考虑如何应对、如何将对方引入自己熟悉的局面。中局偏后面的时候,要多考虑重要棋子的数量和位置控制,有时候棋子不在多,而在精,“精”主要体现在占据有利的进攻位置、能够牵制对方主要棋子、能够快速进行“将军”等方面。
四、学习提高象棋的方式:
看棋书棋谱,看视频这两种方法是现代人学习提高象棋必不可少的方法。两者结合,更能体会到象棋的无穷乐趣。
《自出洞来无敌手》《橘中秘》《梅花谱》《适情雅趣》等古谱,精炼、韵味十足,虽然有些招法存在漏洞。但更重要的作用在于了解象棋的历史,基本棋局的入局方法,增加对象棋文化的领悟和兴趣。现在象棋大师的著作也很多,好幸福!现代当代的棋书秘籍,更系统更务实。开局中局残局都有详细的书籍论述,更有胡荣华,许银川,杨官璘等象棋大师亲自编写的象棋书籍。过宫炮,五七五八五六五九炮,顺炮,列炮,士角炮,反宫马,单提马,屏风马,中路套路变招,残局定式,残局基本杀法等等都有专门的象棋书。现有的棋书已经足够我们一辈子去了。
现代人们的生活节奏加快,工作压力增大,没有太多精力时间左手拿着棋谱,右手拿着棋子,一步一步照着棋谱去演练琢磨。越来越多的人喜欢以看视频这种更快捷更直观的方式来学习提高象棋。视频与棋书之比,就像电影电视与小说报纸之比一样。视频更是动态的,有画面,有声音,甚至还有音乐。看一眼,听一下解说,就能很直观的对棋局有个了解了。有些自己琢磨需要花很多精力也不一定能搞懂的变化,老师几句话就茅塞顿开了,岂不快哉!
但是不管是看棋书还是看视频,都建议买一盘棋,有时间了,就动手摆一摆走一走,“触感”也是学习和增强记忆的必须手段。
五、许银川大师对于学习象棋的一些建议:
“开局是一盘棋的基础,开局一定不能只学一样,要成为高手,要学会触类旁通,融会贯通。你想,你不能每盘都拿先手,只会一两个开局,别人飞相怎么办呢”。
“大家学习开局的时候,一开始不应该迅速求多,学几种后,慢慢的揣摩,他们为什么这么下,有什么好处,接着再学其他的”。
许银川讲起自己小时候学棋的故事“以前我小时候学棋的时候,就是不断的实战,没有太多的追求看多少书,记住多少变化,因为对手是活的,不可能下的都跟书上一样。每一个变化,一定要学会去应用,应用之后加深对棋的理解,而不是单纯机械化的记忆,如果没有合适的对手跟你下,可以学会左手跟右手下,我小时候就经常这样练棋”。
“当你掌握了一定的规律,能猜到大概有几种走法,每一种走法都有什么特点时,你的棋就到了一定的门槛了,可以在实战中走到一个盘面,脑海中快速的闪过,这个棋似曾相似,然而你已经可以自信的用自己的方式去解出它”。
以上是个人浅见及大师的教诲。欢迎关注我,以棋会友,其乐无穷!
怎么学下象棋?
象棋是一个益智游戏首先学每个棋子基夲走法,如马走日象走田等。通过入门之后初级对弈熟悉基夲技能。
笫二步打一些棋谱是提高水平的必径之路。看一些高手的对战视频消化高手讲解的棋理。
笫三步实战。找比自稍高的下。高太多不行低水平不长棋艺。日月积累变成一位象棋手。
学象棋走法?
中炮开局。
中炮走法口诀:
起炮在中宫,观棋气象雄。
马常守中卒,士上将防空。
象要车相附,卒宜左右攻。
若将炮车敌,马出渡河从。
意思为:中炮开局,对对方的中路可以发动猛烈的攻击,因为是中炮,已方两相分离,易受攻击,因此要加大保护,前期特别是要受到车保护。守方要特别注意中卒的保护,从两侧发起进攻。
一般出子顺序为中炮开局,起马、出车。
象棋快速学谱?
马走日,象走田就可以学好象棋。
几岁可以学象棋?
6岁可以开始学象棋。象棋是一门智力游戏,建国后被国家体委列入体育比赛项目,几十年来涌现出一批象棋大师。其中以杨官璘、胡荣华、许银川、王天一等人的水平为最好,每人均代表一个时代。学象棋一般要求已有一定思维能力的小孩可方,6岁以上的小孩已经可以学下象棋了。
如何学下象棋?
象棋是中国传统棋类益智游戏,有着悠久的历史。象棋属于二人对抗性游戏的一种,不仅用具简单,趣味性强,而且还能锻炼人的记忆,培养全局意识以及正确的竞争观念,所以学习下象棋是一个非常不错的选择,那么如何学下象棋呢?
认识象棋
学下象棋,第一步肯定是要了解象棋的组成和规则,这是学下象棋的基础。
象棋组成
棋盘
象棋棋盘横线纵线形成9*10=90个交点,这90个交点为可落子处。
一盘未开局的棋如下图所示
棋子
帅(将):帅(将)是棋中的首脑,是双方竭力争夺的目标。它只能在九宫之内活动,可上可下,可左可右,每次走动只能按竖线或横线走动一格。帅与将不能在同一直线上直接对面,否则走方判负。
仕(士):仕(士)是将(帅)的贴身保镖,它也只能在九宫内走动。它的行棋路径只有九宫内的四条斜线。
相(象):相(象)的主要作用是防守,保护自己的帅(将)。它的走法是每次循对角线走两格,俗称“象飞田”。相(象)的活动范围限于河界以内的本方阵地,不能过河,且如果它走的田字中央有一个棋子,就不能走,俗称“塞象眼”。
车:车在象棋中威力最大,无论横线、竖线均可行走,只要无子阻拦,步数不受限制。因此,一车可以控制十七个点,故有“一车十子寒”之称。
炮:炮在不吃子的时候,移动与车完全相同。当吃子时,己方和对方的棋子中间必须间隔1个棋子(无论对方或己方棋子),炮是象棋中唯一可以越子的棋种。
马:马走动的方法是一直一斜,即先横着或直着走一格,然后再斜着走一个对角线,俗称“马走日”。马一次可走的选择点可以达到四周的八个点,故有“八面威风”之说。如果在要去的方向有别的棋子挡住,马就无法走过去,俗称“蹩马腿”。
兵(卒):兵(卒)在未过河前,只能向前一步步走,过河以后,除不能后退外,允许左右移动,但也只能一次一步,即使这样,兵(卒)的威力也大大增强,故有“过河的卒子顶半个车”之说。
象棋术语
1、九宫:俩斜线连同周边方格组成的区域。
2、将军:一方子力去杀对方将或帅,迫使对方应着。
3、当头炮:即将任意一炮平至中路,威胁对方九宫。这是一种常见的布局着法。由于将、帅行动限在“九宫”以内,所以当头炮的控制威力很强,也叫中路炮。
4、屏风马:两马分立于九宫的两侧,形如“屏风”以拱卫京师。
5、单边马:一马守中卒而另一马跳边,有左、右单边马布局的差别。
6、双边马:俩马一个跳九路,一个跳一路。
7、士角炮:平炮到九宫上俩点任意一点。
8、仙人指路:先行一方起着挺象肩兵(左右皆可),试探对方的应着,就像“投石问路”一样。
象棋规则
吃子
1、无论什么棋子,通常只要根据行棋规则能走到的部位有对方的棋子就能吃掉对方的棋子。
2、而唯一列外的是炮的吃棋方法,比较特殊,需要中间隔有旗子(无论是己方的还是对方的棋子)才能吃掉对方的棋子。
将死和困毙
1、一方的棋子攻击对方的将(帅),并在下一步要把它吃掉,称为照将,或简称将。照将不必声明。
2、被照将的一方必须立即应将,即用自己的着法去化解被将的状态(而不能应将不顾,而走其它的棋子)。
3、如果被照将而无法应将,就算被将死(一方胜棋)。
4、轮到走棋的一方,无子可走,就算被困毙(无棋可走这方为输棋)。
胜负判定
1、一方的一个棋子准备吃掉对方的帅(将),叫"将军”(check),若对方的帅(将)不能逃脱,也 就是说无论如何"将军”者在下一个回合都能吃掉对方的帅(将),则为“将死”(checkmate),吃掉对方帅(将)者判胜利。
2、如果轮到一方走,此时这方并没有被“将军”但其走无论任何一个棋子,另一方都能在下一个回合里吃掉他的帅(将),则也判这方负。
3、如果轮到走棋的一方没有任何能够移动的棋子,那么也判这方负。
4、双方均无能力"将死”对方时,判和。
行棋规则
对局时,由执红棋的一方先走,双方轮流各走一着(双方各走一着,称为一个回合),直至分出胜、负、和,对局即算终了。
基本杀法
对面笑
对面笑的意思就是说,下棋时,乙方占据了九宫,九宫中有没有其他的棋子可以掩护,这时候就可以利用将和帅不可以碰面这个原则,来控制中路,再利用车、炮、兵等在对方将/帅所居的肋道上纵向照将而取胜。
双车挫
“双车挫”就是利用两辆车交替“将军”,知道把对方的将或者帅杀死。“双车挫”可以早对方的将领没有其他多余的子或者没有士象的保护的时候使用,迅猛无比。如果有士保护,则需要其它的配合来破掉士。这种杀法由于双车要交替将军,因此双车不能在一条直线上。
三车闹士
“双车挫”的用法,在整个棋局面临残局的时候,乙方的兵卒已经成功的进入九宫,这时候如果攻击对方的中士,又以双车相配合,其攻击力量相当于三个车,故名三车闹士。
海底捞月
在无法攻破对方正面防御时,借助帅(将)对中炮的控制力,把子力运动到底线,在其帅(将)的背后发起攻击而取胜的方法,称为“海底捞月”,也叫 “沉底月”、“海底炮”,是车、炮胜单车的杀法。
在车、炮胜单车的残局中,车炮一方通常要占据中路,再用炮借车力在将(帅)底下将对方守护在肋线的车赶走,而后退车用对面笑杀法做成杀势。
夹车炮
双炮和车集中于一侧,用车和双炮交替将军,其形式与双车挫杀法相类似。这种杀法比较容易理解,关键是有的时候车炮不在—侧也可以通过运子构成杀势。
大胆穿心
又称大刀剜心,就是车在其他子力的配合(主要是炮对对方象士的牵制)下强行杀对方中士,逼对方用底士去吃车,从而闪露出底线的空当再用其他子作杀。若其不用底士吃车而是拐将,则同样可将死。
铁门闩
利用中炮的威力控制中路,再用车封住将门后用其他子配合底线强行将杀。如果对方有一车守底线,攻击方有两只重叠的车再加上将(帅)之力,也可破敌,称为“露将三把手”或“连将三出车”。有时候也用兵来代替车控制将门。
千里照面
利用中炮和双车的威力,在有底士的一侧要杀,再弃车杀底士然后车正面照将成杀。这种杀法要注意的是对方中路是士象可用此杀法,但是如果中路是士和炮就不能采用,因为黑方可献中炮解杀。
双车肋士
一方以双车侵入对方九宫两肋后,弃车强行构成杀局,在实战对局中较为常见。
炮辗丹砂
以车炮侵入对方底线,借助车的力量辗转扫荡对方的士象或其他子力,从而将死对方,这种杀法称为炮辗丹砂杀法,俗称“打剥皮”。
闷杀
一方通过将、要杀或弃子等攻击手段造成对方子力自堵将(帅)活动空间而一举将死对方的杀法。利用对方双士不适当的联结,自阻将(帅)的活动范围,用一炮将对方将(帅)杀死在原位,习惯称为“闷宫”。闷宫可以看作是闷杀的一种特殊形式。
重炮
重炮杀法指—方将双炮重叠于一条线上,一炮充当炮架,另一炮将军,或前炮将军后炮控制,将对方杀死。俗语说:重炮无垫子,就是指这种杀法所具有的威力。
前面所讲的夹车炮杀法,双炮在一条线上也是一种重炮杀法。两者的区别就在于夹车炮杀法是以车和双炮交替将军而把对方杀死,而重炮杀法是把对方将 (帅)固定于一条直线上用双炮将死。
天地炮
天地炮杀法指攻击的一方一炮镇在中路,一炮沉在底线,使对方的防守力量都被牵制住,然后用其他子力配合而将对方将死的杀法。这种攻杀方法以车配合双炮攻击最为常见,也是威力最大的杀法之一,包括车到底线、出将再车杀中士这两种杀法。
双将
双将指攻击的一方把自己的几个子组合起来,同时从两个方向照将,从而杀死对方。这种杀法是象棋杀法中比较凶悍的一种,初学者由于对一些杀法或者各子的攻杀能力还理解得不够深刻,经常一时不防被杀。如果掌握了一些双杀的基本形势,就可以防止被双杀,同时还可以此双杀对手。
二鬼拍门
二鬼拍门杀法指攻击的一方使双兵(卒)侵入对方的九宫后分别锁住两条肋道,然后再配合其他子力搏士而获胜的杀法,也称二鬼把门。因兵(卒)有小鬼之称,故而得名。三兵胜士象全最后就是用二鬼拍门的杀法取胜的。这个杀法用的较少。
送佛归殿
送佛归殿杀法是指兵(卒)借助其他子力的力量步步将军,把对方的将(帅)遏回原位而取胜的杀法。有的棋书称此杀法为“三进兵”,但远没有“送佛归殿”这——名称形象。
三子归边
集中三个不同子力于对方侧翼。联合作战而将对方杀死,称为三于归边杀法。三子以车、马、炮三子归边比较常见,威力也最大。
马后炮
马后炮杀法指攻击的一方先用马控制住将(帅)的活动范围,再以马为炮架,用炮杀死对方。这种杀法在象棋实战中是最为常用的一种杀法。
双马饮泉
双马饮泉杀法是指用一马控制将门,另一马卧槽,然后双马互借威力,盘旋攻击而获胜的方法,也是双马胜士象的最基本方法。
挂角马
挂角马指攻击一方借助车、炮、将(帅)等子力牵制对方中士的活动,然后用马在士角位置将军,使对方将(帅)不安于位,然后运用其他子力把对方将死。
双车错杀
双车错杀的意思就是说,当对弈双方的将帅都暴露在对手面前的时候,我们可以利用车分占两线前后照将的办法,造成“双车错”的杀势。
卧槽马杀
所谓的“卧槽马杀”,就是将棋盘上的马跳到对方棋局下的下二路横线,在三、七路的竖线交叉的那个点上,将军,这时如有车、炮或其它棋子配合,可成卧槽马杀势。
挂角马杀
在下象棋的过程中,利用炮或者车或者帅镇中的力量,用它们来牵制对方棋局中的中士的活动,削弱其防御作用,然后用马到对方士角挂角将军,把对方将死的杀法,称挂角马杀。
八角马杀
马与对方的将、帅成田字对角的位置,把对方将帅困住,这样的马叫“八角马”。这时如有车、兵或其他棋子从纵向或横向照将,可成杀势。
先学残局
残局是决定胜负的最后阶段,学会残局就会懂得哪种局势可以取胜,怎样胜法。哪种局势可以成和,怎样和法。就不致于在可胜的局势下,错过取胜的机会,而遇到自己处于劣势时,运用技巧,创造条件达到求和目的。残局棋子较少,可动的棋子选择性不大,有时要动的棋子甚至带有强迫性。对初学者来说,就更容易集中精力去思考。初学者下棋一般没有什么计划,更谈不上战略战术,只是走到哪里算哪里,到了残局阶段,意味着一盘棋马上就要结束了。这个阶段决定一盘棋的胜负,往往都有一定的基本杀法。这对于初学者来说比较容易掌握。
学习基本杀法
最基本的杀法只有大概20多种。比如马后炮、双车错、钓鱼马、大刀剜心等。这是为了告诉你走到什么样就能杀死对方。学好了基本杀法,运用熟练,对残局和中局都很有帮助。
学习残局基本结论
学习的时候一定要明白哪些残局的结果是什么。哪些残局是必胜的,哪些残局是必和的,哪些一般是必胜,但有巧和的,哪些一般是和棋,但有巧胜手段的。除了知道这些结论还要知道怎么走,才能取胜,或者和棋。
学会运子
这个主要针对的是中残局过渡阶段。比如拿到一个残局,知道如何把自己没有过河的兵,通过子力的配合运过河。充分深入的了解马炮怎样配合,大子和兵卒怎样配合。这一点学好了,你就成为高手了。你会感悟到士象的防守有哪些弱点,怎样防守最强硬,怎样针对对方的问题进行攻击。当然,这需要很长的路,下好多年棋,经常总结才能有进步。研究棋谱的话,最好在有一定基础之后再看。一些江湖残局适合玩乐,真的学习的话还要进行归类总结, 这样才能进步更快。
布局常识
布局三原则
1、有利于进攻
2、有利于防守
3、有利于大子出动
在布局阶段,行棋走子只要符合布局三原则中的一条,即为可行之着,如能符合两条或三条,则可称上佳之手了。但行棋如违背三原则,就是坏棋,应给予摒弃。
布局三禁忌
车迟开
在象棋的子力中,车的威力最大,有“一车士子寒”之说,作为主力军,应该尽早开出投入战斗。如果迟迟不动,则对局势不利。
马躁进
马虽八面威风,但也有致命弱点,在布局阶段,由于子力较多,马的行进道路多有堵塞之虞。如果不能与其它棋子配合,而贸然冲入敌阵“孤马出群”,则易为对方所算。
炮轻发
炮具备远程战斗力,如果在布局阶段贪小利而轻易发出,则减弱控制效果,貌进实退,反不及遥控威慑效率高。
步数的计算
在布局阶段,如果己方走动步数较多的棋子与对方走动步数较少的棋子兑换掉,则会在步数上有所亏欠,对以后的棋局发展有不利的影响,因此要加以避免。
中局战略
抽吃战术
抽吃:走动一子后一面照将一面要捉吃对方棋子。对方为了应将,不得不放弃被抽的棋子,蒙受子力损失,这种战术手段叫抽吃。
顿挫战术
走子过程中不急于把子力直接运到目的地,而是先运到另外一个位置,待对方某子因此而被迫走到一个不利地位以后,再将其运至目的地的手段,称之为顿挫战术。
拦截战术
拦截指在进攻时以袭击的手段,扰乱对方防卫;或在防守时,以运子等于段,切断对方子力联系的战术称为拦截战术。
牵制战术
通过用自己的子力来限制对方某些子力的活动自由以达到得子、扩先等一定作战目的的手段,称之为牵制战术。
闪击战术
所谓闪击就是,处在前方的棋子突然闪开而露出后方棋子,后方棋子得以攻击对手。
串打战术
串打是谋子战术中常用的一种方法。它是用车、炮两种直线活动的射程较长的子力,牵制对方两到三个子,再调动其他子发动谋子攻击,对方往往很难避免失子。
捉双战术
捉双是象棋中残局里较为常见的谋子手段,它包括一子同时攻击对方两子,两子分捉对方两子等形式。由于它的战术目的非常明显,等对方发现被捉双,要想不失子已经晚矣。
运子取势战术
一方运用各种子力夺取主动而占得先手或优势,进而为谋子或制胜创造条件。在中局基本战术中称为“运子取势”。
兑子抢先战术
“兑子抢先”,一般指通过相等子力的交换来实现先后手的转换和形势优劣的转化等,通常包括交换谋子、兑子捉双、交换赚象、一车搏双(马炮或双马或双炮)等手段。
先弃后取战术
在对局中有计划地舍弃一子后,通过战术手段,或夺回一子、或取得攻势,以得到补偿,称为“先弃后取”,是中局阶段基本战术之一。
弃子攻杀战术
弃子攻杀,是在“宁失一子、不失一先”的战略思想指导下以子力换取先手攻势的一种战术。
规则战术
在实战中有意识地走成循环着法以得到于己有利的裁决手段,称之为规则战术。
残局战略
就全局而论,布局属于战略性的,残局属于战术性的。与中局不同的是,进入残局很难速战速胜,所以必须有个总的方针指导战术。
优则图胜、劣则谋和
“优则图胜,劣则谋和”,在以全部子力投入规模较大,变化较多,斗争较激烈的中局中,遂然作出这样的决定是缺乏结束战斗的现实意义的。到中残交界由之而进入残局的阶段,子力既较少,例胜例和的定式又将依次出现,战斗的性质已临近结束阶段,“优则图胜,劣则谋和”的战略决定,不但成为可能的,而且成为迫切需要的了。所以方针上决定了“优则图胜”,需要攻不忘守,戒骄戒躁,稳步巩固优势;决定了“劣则谋和”,又应不屈不怯,奋力争取上游。
均势不败,创造战机。
战略方针是依据实际形势而决定的。事实上优势可能变为劣势,那就要从图胜转为谋和;劣势可能变为优势,那就要从谋和转为图胜;均势可能失掉平衡,那又要转到“优则图胜,劣则谋和”的方针上来。总之,形势变,方针也要变,这叫做战略转换(临局去执行“优则图胜”的方针时,往往形势已走向不利了,仍然要坚持既定的方针,知进而不知退,以致遭到反击,胜负易位的情况是不少见的)。正因为形势有随时转变的可能,特别在双士(仕)、象(相)残缺,将(帅)位置不很正常,兵(卒)肩负了影响战斗的巨大任务,成为互相纠缠的局面之下,歧路较多,操算不易,一着或失,面目全非。均势中创造战机,切记要立足于不败之地,因势利用、谨慎从事。这是在掌握战略上必须有的警觉和修养。
好的对战心态
保持必胜气势
天下没有一定赢的棋,只有一定能赢的气魄和心态!为了胜利,就要下出必胜的气势,视野要开阔,计划要周密,行棋要果断,不要一味地惦记着眼前的得失,要机动、灵活、变通。
修身养性,切忌浮躁
有的棋手实战时一盘棋下得顺风顺水,便觉得局面都已占优,这时便愉快地哼着小曲、左顾右盼,在你注意力不集中的情况下,不是失去取胜良机就是出现昏招,形势顿时翻盘。接下来绝大多数棋手会立即要求再来一盘以求“报仇”,但是接下来的对局心态已失去了平常心,于是连下连败以致一败涂地。
具备谋略心机
谋略是为创造有利条件而实行的全盘性行动的计划和策略,也就是创造致胜条件。这需要长期的对弈、总结、打谱的积累。
1、真正的进攻就要有收获,就要使局面朝着有利于自己的方向发展,这叫做攻有所获。
2、单纯的防守不好,具有反击的防守才真正具有威力,这叫做守中有攻。
3、勇敢的人不惧怕任何对手,敢于搏杀,这叫做勇者无畏。
4、在面对可能出现两种有利局面的时候,选择最大程度有利于自己取得胜利的局面。在面对可能出现两种不利局面的时候,选择最小程度不利于自己的局面。特别注意局部服从全局的道理,这叫做利害选择。
5、寻找出进攻的机会和线路,熟练地运用各种技战术,使局面朝理想方向发展,这叫做捕捉战机。
6、中局作战过程中,要时常对当前局面有清醒地认识,该攻则攻 ,当守则守,进攻的线路,防守的要点,都在审局度势的范围之中。
7、多算胜,少算不胜。
8、善弈者攻心为上,攻城为下,心战为上,兵战为下。
9、以正合,以奇胜。
10、棋虽小道,棋品最尊。
11、棋品如人品,人品有高低之分,棋品有深浅之说。
12、胜固可喜,败亦欣然。不怕输棋,就怕不敢下,不怕被打倒,就怕起不来。
用心专注
失去注意力,这不是一个战术或者战略错误,而是一个致命的错误。保持专注考验的是棋手的身体与心理两个方面的能力。专业棋手与初学者之间的差别在于,一般经验丰富的专业棋手在整场比赛中都可以保持专注,并且在必要时,他可以计算所有变化并选择正确的着法。而初学者则往往会失去注意力并且往往会犯错误。要解决这个问题,下棋时候慢一些,多下长时间的对局以训练保持注意力。
时刻关注自己将帅的安全!
初学者总是喜欢疯狂地攻击,经常忘记了自己将帅的安全,从而结局总是悲伤的。请记住,在开始任何攻击之前,你必须首先确保将帅的安全。请记住,对手的每一步都可能隐藏着威胁。要积极计算与思考,积极探究双方可能的计划。
不为外界干扰所动
象棋是个技艺的游戏,但是心理影响在对弈时起着非常重要的作用。现在比赛里对手为了给对手施加心理压力,手段方法数不胜数。
避免受影响的方法是:
1、专注于棋盘,而不是对手本人。
2、总是按对手要走出最好的招法来想棋。
3、如果对手有任何影响你的行为,要冷静思考应对。
入门必备书籍
1、《象棋入门》,金盾出版社。推荐指数:强烈推荐。
2、《自出洞来无敌手》,推荐指数:强烈推荐。
3、《象棋指归》,贾题韬著。高屋建瓴,文字优美。
4、《橘中秘》《梅花谱》提高残局最佳棋书。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋是中国传统棋类益智游戏,有着悠久的历史。象棋属于二人对抗性游戏的一种,不仅用具简单,趣味性强,而且还能锻炼人的记忆,培养全局意识以及正确的竞争观念,所以学习下象棋是一个非常不错的选择,那么如何学下象棋呢?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWBmgu6AK2WSSnhWFYjAUpg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识象棋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntvW9o7NNnzWbAK3oq2rYAb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学下象棋,第一步肯定是要了解象棋的组成和规则,这是学下象棋的基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4VgB5Z2fkac4LVpKsiBZ1b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋组成","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnr49qS3LRFENC9V9w0uqlke"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盘","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqeAOUdbiIRvCTgXeO83Zzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋棋盘横线纵线形成9*10=90个交点,这90个交点为可落子处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU6QTMYzSi8Fnd4yxaEvwcd"},,"attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盘","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cbef0e7ccbea42318fe5fe004de02d69","width":706},"text":"","id":"doxcn1bAFzryJvyJorrdSFbBmXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFRoDP9VOSw8RwlLklmrGjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一盘未开局的棋如下图所示","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRRIe3fwE2OZNbAfKSemOuf"},,"attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盘","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/18bfbb74099c43e6ae65e04dd3839107","width":830},"text":"","id":"doxcnev0f6PG5Da3LRukJza74lb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnV7cEBrEvOkaNuIIMg7RdXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"帅(将):帅(将)是棋中的首脑,是双方竭力争夺的目标。它只能在九宫之内活动,可上可下,可左可右,每次走动只能按竖线或横线走动一格。帅与将不能在同一直线上直接对面,否则走方判负。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0YYCdXaJAUGU8yDOGClmmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仕(士):仕(士)是将(帅)的贴身保镖,它也只能在九宫内走动。它的行棋路径只有九宫内的四条斜线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZXw0nkNT3t2g3Xp4TpfFhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"相(象):相(象)的主要作用是防守,保护自己的帅(将)。它的走法是每次循对角线走两格,俗称“象飞田”。相(象)的活动范围限于河界以内的本方阵地,不能过河,且如果它走的田字中央有一个棋子,就不能走,俗称“塞象眼”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniNLH2WUVBso1VOuphCInUN"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"车:车在象棋中威力最大,无论横线、竖线均可行走,只要无子阻拦,步数不受限制。因此,一车可以控制十七个点,故有“一车十子寒”之称。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz8FMLdhmC4SmtAFMumZMBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮:炮在不吃子的时候,移动与车完全相同。当吃子时,己方和对方的棋子中间必须间隔1个棋子(无论对方或己方棋子),炮是象棋中唯一可以越子的棋种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkh1wb6A40k8EOdtBh8ECkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"马:马走动的方法是一直一斜,即先横着或直着走一格,然后再斜着走一个对角线,俗称“马走日”。马一次可走的选择点可以达到四周的八个点,故有“八面威风”之说。如果在要去的方向有别的棋子挡住,马就无法走过去,俗称“蹩马腿”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFOm47OJdFmAtAINIY4XlLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"兵(卒):兵(卒)在未过河前,只能向前一步步走,过河以后,除不能后退外,允许左右移动,但也只能一次一步,即使这样,兵(卒)的威力也大大增强,故有“过河的卒子顶半个车”之说。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrSDtjkZRD6F35et1FEpOXb"},,"attrs":{"height":450,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋子","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1577bf078c7e409583ac4d523a5e7589","width":650},"text":"","id":"doxcn2wZU7d84cg4uW7clCa8kic"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋术语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlINAKEsR8w35SSLRyhdgih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、九宫:俩斜线连同周边方格组成的区域。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqM76AncnPeGJX6dnc5SZuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、将军:一方子力去杀对方将或帅,迫使对方应着。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfBxHQOijBfShBV3lur0mDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、当头炮:即将任意一炮平至中路,威胁对方九宫。这是一种常见的布局着法。由于将、帅行动限在“九宫”以内,所以当头炮的控制威力很强,也叫中路炮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS7jPwO7W3Lmpz5Czjy2KHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、屏风马:两马分立于九宫的两侧,形如“屏风”以拱卫京师。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPqnW6iq3UDIeVlB5X77ceh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、单边马:一马守中卒而另一马跳边,有左、右单边马布局的差别。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhyVHhCiWDp6QdkKDlMFKbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、双边马:俩马一个跳九路,一个跳一路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwtJUDhwuY76v4U5xBTnQyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、士角炮:平炮到九宫上俩点任意一点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpXuiHn8UUAXjkrbTgPrzRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、仙人指路:先行一方起着挺象肩兵(左右皆可),试探对方的应着,就像“投石问路”一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncMuDaop5Ay1c0vBAFn3Nmc"},,"attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋术语","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8471cdc9e6a44312a4a9ae9a05e13dd2","width":452},"text":"","id":"doxcn2turqY2MdowLxPwFHtUUny"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋规则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxRue3xhm8ufDokTjXaeuRc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"吃子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUcHIrCvwecvm2tiOfcq3l"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、无论什么棋子,通常只要根据行棋规则能走到的部位有对方的棋子就能吃掉对方的棋子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG5IMUxQawmjHYgcIgGqPYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、而唯一列外的是炮的吃棋方法,比较特殊,需要中间隔有旗子(无论是己方的还是对方的棋子)才能吃掉对方的棋子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncfWiLQBjk3KV8gc69ujhKm"},,"attrs":{"height":386,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"吃子","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5991d6544fd14301ac53c52d980da8e8","width":384},"text":"","id":"doxcnj0LqQW1rRnBQAs5eLcad0b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"将死和困毙","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfmTL2EX05nEg5n8lfWl5tf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、一方的棋子攻击对方的将(帅),并在下一步要把它吃掉,称为照将,或简称将。照将不必声明。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhB9UCnUL1DTIUnRaTKCUdg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、被照将的一方必须立即应将,即用自己的着法去化解被将的状态(而不能应将不顾,而走其它的棋子)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9BZN06Ut5Eqd3yjfNj01wb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、如果被照将而无法应将,就算被将死(一方胜棋)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHxotvT9BfcBw7UGxBilOyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、轮到走棋的一方,无子可走,就算被困毙(无棋可走这方为输棋)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7YvYCMk1fVcJBxOBsWylOf"},,"attrs":{"height":394,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"将死和困毙","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5ac3c76be9b345a285a4b44be03d644e","width":382},"text":"","id":"doxcnyOTlcS9IUqZt00Ehipyove"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"胜负判定","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn81bFzg5LPPgJLhRYVTm8qc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、一方的一个棋子准备吃掉对方的帅(将),叫"将军”(check),若对方的帅(将)不能逃脱,也 就是说无论如何"将军”者在下一个回合都能吃掉对方的帅(将),则为“将死”(checkmate),吃掉对方帅(将)者判胜利。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfVFHwI8HnTv57eQ5MTBgkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、如果轮到一方走,此时这方并没有被“将军”但其走无论任何一个棋子,另一方都能在下一个回合里吃掉他的帅(将),则也判这方负。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoU0MtCThqv6Xwa2x3Ckc6Y"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、如果轮到走棋的一方没有任何能够移动的棋子,那么也判这方负。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmTDKClOEG4s0L3NTz46sfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、双方均无能力"将死”对方时,判和。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJt1SVKiuBbRPeQPOwwbdJg"},,"attrs":{"height":681,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"胜负判定","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b3a2d80bbaf04d04b3d3fc6b25549d2a","width":1021},"text":"","id":"doxcnmRFQwvmiEWVwUyQ1MMJ5Sd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行棋规则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj5ZucryJdLCUHxm1bybKzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对局时,由执红棋的一方先走,双方轮流各走一着(双方各走一着,称为一个回合),直至分出","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"胜、负、和,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"对局即算终了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO1YatO8aK4i9unXbjtjwgf"},,"attrs":{"height":387,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行棋规则","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5118a62eb88147b68486124a6a629de6","width":383},"text":"","id":"doxcnALeTNepNb6xxJ6Fyx2HIAg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本杀法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXL2VgqV8tph3qFHSRQMHgf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"对面笑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuqvM8f38k1nVG6udO8wY8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对面笑的意思就是说,下棋时,乙方占据了九宫,九宫中有没有其他的棋子可以掩护,这时候就可以利用将和帅不可以碰面这个原则,来控制中路,再利用车、炮、兵等在对方将/帅所居的肋道上纵向照将而取胜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxFqouHN6Y94BYd2XvZ1sGc"},,"attrs":{"height":672,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"对面笑","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/14fd2d5d0c3446e7984e7c0eb9dceab1","width":1280},"text":"","id":"doxcnoMngZl33dtRKfFCLGRQWXg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双车挫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBVjDcGU9bjRTI5kWSVQJVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“双车挫”就是利用两辆车交替“将军”,知道把对方的将或者帅杀死。“双车挫”可以早对方的将领没有其他多余的子或者没有士象的保护的时候使用,迅猛无比。如果有士保护,则需要其它的配合来破掉士。这种杀法由于双车要交替将军,因此双车不能在一条直线上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYtaFUuWAr3Ev1kV6FEMgRf"},,"attrs":{"height":266,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双车挫","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fbc8f04bf6bd49a1914ce93130d13082","width":232},"text":"","id":"doxcn1LtoCwenRWMA6nn2W1dc9d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三车闹士","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJ6eV9PtEyiinpZ8SNjhMab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“双车挫”的用法,在整个棋局面临残局的时候,乙方的兵卒已经成功的进入九宫,这时候如果攻击对方的中士,又以双车相配合,其攻击力量相当于三个车,故名三车闹士。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkf2Cdsrulv5mCPeRmSjjtd"},,"attrs":{"height":466,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三车闹士","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a5256d2aa0a49aba54161e9ecc62964","width":380},"text":"","id":"EYUYd0WKcoS2sUx63tucOcmhnue"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"海底捞月","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnp5vQW2qqMgHRTD3D2hf9sb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在无法攻破对方正面防御时,借助帅(将)对中炮的控制力,把子力运动到底线,在其帅(将)的背后发起攻击而取胜的方法,称为“海底捞月”,也叫 “沉底月”、“海底炮”,是车、炮胜单车的杀法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYD2rY5psEvYjwkPL1RDggh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在车、炮胜单车的残局中,车炮一方通常要占据中路,再用炮借车力在将(帅)底下将对方守护在肋线的车赶走,而后退车用对面笑杀法做成杀势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8fLMCr7WMPOgQoYtZpMVif"},,"attrs":{"height":414,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"海底捞月","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5dd05dcdb0d54f399f3336d6892fc40c","width":377},"text":"","id":"doxcnVXFsKwkCLzWDndx7ob58hb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"夹车炮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnJFv4QT0tUZpVhDZnmwLYo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双炮和车集中于一侧,用车和双炮交替将军,其形式与双车挫杀法相类似。这种杀法比较容易理解,关键是有的时候车炮不","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在—","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"侧也可以通过运子构成杀势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxgBmmyrM3Ykqy49Zmipiqf"},,"attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"夹车炮","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8336ac738abe4cf6820d3b82ff1b0070","width":875},"text":"","id":"doxcnDBH2UgyBMTL68GgXZyR5T5"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"大胆穿心","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9DZYQWMELSagnrwGwpJgRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"又称大刀剜心,就是车在其他子力的配合(主要是炮对对方象士的牵制)下强行杀对方中士,逼对方用底士去吃车,从而闪露出底线的空当再用其他子作杀。若其不用底士吃车而是拐将,则同样可将死。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxYVL6oyF7yUASv0aDC97ng"},,"attrs":{"height":570,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"大胆穿心","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/34bfbec374034a768d232da598bf9de4","width":518},"text":"","id":"doxcnBZi0j7WkAzUwb9p9532yxf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"铁门闩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlBlh7Xb24K8Y65rq1eSJJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用中炮的威力控制中路,再用车封住将门后用其他子配合底线强行将杀。如果对方有一车守底线,攻击方有两只重叠的车再加上将(帅)之力,也可破敌,称为“露将三把手”或“连将三出车”。有时候也用兵来代替车控制将门。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTS9n499Q6nDkw1VUajB3Ac"},,"attrs":{"height":711,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"铁门闩","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7a05e508d02f4df39171edf8a98cf38a","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnv6odwKQXPGkShQeSaxPsop"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"千里照面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYKGdg69uTYakNcYo3jysnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用中炮和双车的威力,在有底士的一侧要杀,再弃车杀底士然后车正面照将成杀。这种杀法要注意的是对方中路是士象可用此杀法,但是如果中路是士和炮就不能采用,因为黑方可献中炮解杀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnac1ZMspUk8Gr2poPmwwpbc"},,"attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"千里照面","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/66166dd0d44b405b8122ba55dd71df3c","width":779},"text":"","id":"doxcnMXkaKPNWvCl6vunfoBS1nc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双车肋士","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwaQeiURSsVoQJTgwlp5owh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一方以双车侵入对方九宫两肋后,弃车强行构成杀局,在实战对局中较","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"为常见","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrHdfNYsm62rQFTFzs3PvXe"},,"attrs":{"height":706,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双车肋士","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/717e24755d2440b38b2b537e7218eb51","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcn7rYIgp98YpZojpDPmPa8Gb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮辗丹砂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvyLO9TcGmJHCValPrMXr7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以车炮侵入对方底线,借助车的力量辗转扫荡对方的士象或其他子力,从而将死对方,这种杀法称为炮辗丹砂杀法,俗称“打剥皮”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5ty8MNVgVBvQ3E3OuWJbje"},,"attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"炮辗丹砂","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/74f399c25aeb4416b3fcbad63de40bf2","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcna8sd7iEjCI1GYVkO1KjmT9"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"闷杀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhwGanITooOtJST2CyIwZnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一方通过将、要杀或弃子等攻击手段造成对方子力自堵将(帅)活动空间而一举将死对方的杀法。利用对方双士不适当的联结,自阻将(帅)的活动范围,用一炮将对方将(帅)杀死在原位,习惯称为“闷宫”。闷宫可以看作是闷杀的一种特殊形式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRe1DKWw7XCmdX4hMmkup8e"},,"attrs":{"height":977,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"闷杀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/60fdd68ffcc94d58852632bb16ac5742","width":884},"text":"","id":"EIYKdamoCogo0Ixgb5Tc7KJZnue"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"重炮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVghqZJJJ4FJPGL09058ujc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重炮杀法指—方将双炮重叠于一条线上,一炮充当炮架,另一炮将军,或前炮将军后炮控制,将对方杀死。俗语说:重炮无垫子,就是指这种杀法所具有的威力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6DNyvxQkDGJYsATTiTouwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前面所讲的夹车炮杀法,双炮在一条线上也是一种重炮杀法。两者的区别就在于夹车炮杀法是以车和双炮交替将军而把对方杀死,而重炮杀法是把对方将 (帅)固定于一条直线上用双炮将死。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntr6eXxTnDzqKHtg5Tc1pmb"},,"attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"重炮","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5145d647eed8428eabdb43fd96b97ff4","width":936},"text":"","id":"doxcnaLSoK85iKYkxhAUvqCC1xb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"天地炮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneIAf5H2SZjbQlW5r13zgpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"天地炮杀法指攻击的一方一炮镇在中路,一炮沉在底线,使对方的防守力量都被牵制住,然后用其他子力配合而将对方将死的杀法。这种攻杀方法以车配合双炮攻击最为常见,也是威力最大的杀法之一,包括车到底线、出将再车杀中士这两种杀法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRDhSWCkwzakJvqzX8YsUuc"},,"attrs":{"height":847,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"天地炮","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/27971454615a48f4802a621e056a3e5d","width":828},"text":"","id":"doxcnQudjHU6sAAFY9Y6sNJzyBh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双将","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnp6JAC9sR9Ztky7f75pOVVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双将指攻击的一方把自己的几个子组合起来,同时从两个方向照将,从而杀死对方。这种杀法是象棋杀法中比较凶悍的一种,初学者由于对一些杀法或者各子的攻杀能力还理解得不够深刻,经常一时不防被杀。如果掌握了一些双杀的基本形势,就可以防止被双杀,同时还可以此双杀对手。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO48T0Dr5HE1O3sAPJ8vXsg"},,"attrs":{"height":972,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双将","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/88eed8723bfc46768dde557a8b2580ab","width":878},"text":"","id":"D04OdaQk2o6CEWxmcE7cL7GqnZM"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二鬼拍门","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAIq50UMslLWu4lotc8YNTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二鬼拍门杀法指攻击的一方使双兵(卒)侵入对方的九宫后分别锁住两条肋道,然后再配合其他子力搏士而获胜的杀法,也称二鬼把门。因兵(卒)有小鬼之称,故而得名。三兵胜士象全最后就是用二鬼拍门的杀法取胜的。这个杀法用的较少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnL3rVxUfaQi5CnleP0ZA86J"},,"attrs":{"height":698,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二鬼拍门","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e1251e777c3f4a51a390ba8137055c32","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnT4C5ObwMtYUQsyunXUBhah"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"送佛归殿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzNCSxWgu98u9EfHV7Fda7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"送佛归殿杀法是指兵(卒)借助其他子力的力量步步将军,把对方的将(帅)遏回原位而取胜的杀法。有的棋书称此杀法为“三进兵”,但远没有“送佛归殿”这——名称形象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngyhYgxITFcqrohLmEGVWLh"},,"attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"送佛归殿","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eebad989fadf4ce9bc426550add478c7","width":939},"text":"","id":"doxcngHjfzrB58pi0iUnATXrlMb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三子归边","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoUXNllSRCKZRggWDfSC3sg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"集中三个不同子力于对方侧翼。联合作战而将对方杀死,称为三于归边杀法。三子以车、马、炮三子归边比较常见,威力也最大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFP4DsJrt9VU9JEH2dw7YHc"},,"attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三子归边","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ff818b7267ba41a5a459a6d3b33de4f8","width":915},"text":"","id":"VqS8docaKoMeiqxukIBc6SBongg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"马后炮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKvYVyglfc3zy40tCwjXVdb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"马后炮杀法指攻击的一方先用马控制住将(帅)的活动范围,再以马为炮架,用炮杀死对方。这种杀法在象棋实战中是最为常用的一种杀法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1KzPCrBdphiKr4kfSkRKwd"},,"attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马后炮","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c38824f063904b68a306aadb612bb5a1","width":885},"text":"","id":"JO8kdmG0Mow8kExu0Pocjg4Cnab"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双马饮泉","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzM3Xurbc7SwyuRMCo2k9ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双马饮泉杀法是指用一马控制将门,另一马卧槽,然后双马互借威力,盘旋攻击而获胜的方法,也是双马胜士象的最基本方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHPM9F8mafaCcPGBB1ScLB4"},,"attrs":{"height":576,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双马饮泉","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/df57d2af3801453dbdaf5930540de2a8","width":517},"text":"","id":"doxcnVMj3ER01OmqvZ3bedo4WXe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"挂角马","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0h90zSO0YkffArSkfa9U5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"挂角马指攻击一方借助车、炮、将(帅)等子力牵制对方中士的活动,然后用马在士角位置将军,使对方将(帅)不安于位,然后运用其他子力把对方将死。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2L0j9DkaXKp5TgkWAPb05b"},,"attrs":{"height":987,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"挂角马","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/596e336f177b4ffaad436ca2a2fdc573","width":877},"text":"","id":"S482dS80OoUe40xwFYQczAEpnEh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双车错杀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhLilj6Z9jwattoG5mgxnOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双车错杀的意思就是说,当对弈双方的将帅都暴露在对手面前的时候,我们可以利用车分占两线前后照将的办法,造成“双车错”的杀势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZPG3Ui32Kd9tYuS3YGkzvc"},,"attrs":{"height":969,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双车错杀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5b67bca40dd9464aa2d704e9bacac47c","width":864},"text":"","id":"DKKAdEGwGoikGax6mVYcNWAGn2g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"卧槽马杀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzkNecx0koBOoPHq5XHnJnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓的“卧槽马杀”,就是将棋盘上的马跳到对方棋局下的下二路横线,在三、七路的竖线交叉的那个点上,将军,这时如有车、炮或其它棋子配合,可成卧槽马杀势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPe3iEOHfZcR79ZlL2APqgc"},,"attrs":{"height":994,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"卧槽马杀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f637eb8fa64446d9ad7c356d25640dba","width":911},"text":"","id":"Ym4wdOIi0oQeSyxk5L1cog35njN"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"挂角马杀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnt3ASe4wzwcZ4K4hWHIE1ae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在下象棋的过程中,利用炮或者车或者帅镇中的力量,用它们来牵制对方棋局中的中士的活动,削弱其防御作用,然后用马到对方士角挂角将军,把对方将死的杀法,称挂角马杀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8XdwwdFh0TFuOtVW68JLPe"},,"attrs":{"height":971,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"挂角马杀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/98713ad9ccb546f495635bec9c5d6ace","width":876},"text":"","id":"IWK6dG4AUo0iCgxQ3KFc7fN7nWb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"八角马杀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDkrxO2K1eHXn2uFCExcORL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"马与对方的将、帅成田字对角的位置,把对方将帅困住,这样的马叫“八角马”。这时如有车、兵或其他棋子从纵向或横向照将,可成杀势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNTcBUTeYrJcXWUSrwIOGkb"},,"attrs":{"height":984,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"八角马杀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/93ce27e44f5943b8ac032d858efb77f2","width":876},"text":"","id":"Ag0IdyEEao6IaKxictQcZxWNn5d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"先学残局","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnf2JO8EI8ojh9asy6YibhxG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"残局是决定胜负的最后阶段,学会残局就会懂得哪种局势可以取胜,怎样胜法。哪种局势可以成和,怎样和法。就不致于在可胜的局势下,错过取胜的机会,而遇到自己处于劣势时,运用技巧,创造条件达到求和目的。残局棋子较少,可动的棋子选择性不大,有时要动的棋子甚至带有强迫性。对初学者来说,就更容易集中精力去思考。初学者下棋一般没有什么计划,更谈不上战略战术,只是走到哪里算哪里,到了残局阶段,意味着一盘棋马上就要结束了。这个阶段决定一盘棋的胜负,往往都有一定的基本杀法。这对于初学者来说比较容易掌握。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6xXlBuIcus6kqlIVLoi6Sb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习基本杀法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLFmZD4dKaf4XGZlbQNj55b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最基本的杀法只有大概20多种。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"比如马后炮、双车错、钓鱼马、大刀剜心","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"等。这是为了告诉你走到什么样就能杀死对方。学好了基本杀法,运用熟练,对残局和中局都很有帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhXyL2xsRYOJag9FXNsFGxb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习残局基本结论","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1ceRpKqq3MQHwu9cYpv4Eg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习的时候一定要明白哪些残局的结果是什么。哪些残局是必胜的,哪些","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"残局","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"是必和的,哪些一般是必胜,但有巧和的,哪些一般是和棋,但有巧胜手段的。除了知道这些结论还要知道怎么走,才能取胜,或者和棋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKOy5QBBlkAbMIC7eIDL7Jg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学会运子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDzZWsyARc9iehfqMJTj5Nd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个主要针对的是中残局过渡阶段。比如拿到一个残局,知道如何把自己没有过河的兵,通过子力的配合运过河。充分深入的了解马炮怎样配合,大子和兵卒怎样配合。这一点学好了,你就成为高手了。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"你会感悟到","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"士象的防守有哪些弱点,怎样防守最强硬,怎样针对对方的问题进行攻击。当然,这需要很长的路,下好多年棋,经常总结才能有进步。研究棋谱的话,最好在有一定基础之后再看。一些江湖残局适合玩乐,真的学习的话还要进行归类总结, 这样才能进步更快。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5HdJDsqhuWsMCVtq2kqhDd"},,"attrs":{"height":596,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学会运子","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5b1eb641e8d24450a27c66a02aa3a62f","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnr9JhjFRWVWNzrUw32Xl0Od"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"布局常识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRlqxwyh40Q3yZkslgj80jd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"布局三原则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrv4tyiZj1q4i0MDapfOM7g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、有利于进攻","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSkOW5sdEoV0Q8ikS60l49g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、有利于防守","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrzt6sa6wUhF1kRs0p2iZHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、有利于大子出动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWBdgEIVPtIQlga8TZBIQib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在布局阶段,行棋走子只要符合布局三原则中的一条,即为可行之着,如能符合两条或三条,则可称上佳之手了。但行棋如违背三原则,就是坏棋,应给予摒弃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIxV1E4TiuCPnvYOfUBPV7e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"布局三禁忌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1hkh6uL9tr2Ryw7CK0EK8d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"车迟开","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntU7ZBAZNFaXhiwdOD6kiTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在象棋的子力中,车的威力最大,有“一车士子寒”之说,作为主力军,应该尽早开出投入战斗。如果迟迟不动,则对局势不利。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC9PTDPw6ygZIpkA4RCtrYg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"马躁进","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjlOcFGojKW2X9f3OUxUZxD"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"马虽八面威风,但也有致命弱点,在布局阶段,由于子力较多,马的行进道路多有堵塞之虞。如果不能与其它棋子配合,而贸然冲入敌阵“孤马出群”,则易为对方所算。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1mbGvWVcyiA02ydEbYTd9f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮轻发","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngSKzQ8mnMWbR8oh66meWob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮具备远程战斗力,如果在布局阶段贪小利而轻易发出,则减弱控制效果,貌进实退,反不及遥控威慑效率高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8zxQJhwqAFImvAr8kSTXuf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步数的计算","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn086aHikRmyJ9qjO3O4said"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在布局阶段,如果己方走动步数较多的棋子与对方走动步数较少的棋子兑换掉,则会在步数上有所亏欠,对以后的棋局发展有不利的影响,因此要加以避免。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKgNlsJknEnWmAnWA12znpc"},,"attrs":{"height":684,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步数的计算","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a5598f063ee34a06bcd356f00ea8e5c7","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcncNHl6iQBQId0xiWRHyWoBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中局战略","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSs5TymHwhXdbhCAuLX8Fff"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽吃战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaiQ5XEpIczJ82bJXOJj5og"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽吃:走动一子后一面照将一面要捉吃对方棋子。对方为了应将,不得不放弃被抽的棋子,蒙受子力损失,这种战术手段叫抽吃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkiEuugC6Gydvw0xtxkIzwg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"顿挫战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbTp6xAsmOQaoWO5RxxSCge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"走子过程中不急于把子力直接运到目的地,而是先运到另外一个位置,待对方某子因此而被迫走到一个不利地位以后,再将其运至目的地的手段,称之为顿挫战术。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuaRe04bLRQQosh6H1nUbch"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"拦截战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOJmi1naqOJDBE4iGLX42u3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拦截指在进攻时以袭击的手段,扰乱对方防卫;或在防守时,以运子等于段,切断对方子力联系的战术称为拦截战术。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTeW2lndGyi804xuu4iDCEc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"牵制战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVHViiZVFDcrfDQsfmRKKOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过用自己的子力来限制对方某些子力的活动自由以达到得子、扩先等一定作战目的的手段,称之为牵制战术。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqaTNCyZ4gl2YwhbbtjwR3g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"闪击战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxBnxelq8cHYlHSkkBYgrke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓闪击就是,处在前方的棋子突然闪开而露出后方棋子,后方棋子得以攻击对手。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSbcZAkNsl0MdVf5w9dwTQb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"串打战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYgTXUWbCtZkOcFAcX4TKEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"串打是谋子战术中常用的一种方法。它是用车、炮两种直线活动的射程较长的子力,牵制对方两到三个子,再调动其他子发动谋子攻击,对方往往很难避免失子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPHFAkxukffKy7C7INDCTCg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"捉双战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqvW2NdRHaPVrjK2Sj1QNRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"捉双是象棋中残局里较为常见的谋子手段,它包括一子同时攻击对方两子,两子分捉对方两子等形式。由于它的战术目的非常明显,等对方发现被捉双,要想不失子已经晚矣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnpVlEeumf4fljoc8IHEEle"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"运子取势战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4tyhwf8tZY59rlUNuo4ggb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一方运用各种子力夺取主动而占得先手或优势,进而为谋子或制胜创造条件。在中局基本战术中称为“运子取势”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU8l1UuNBDqqXCUfQETPw9c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"兑子抢先战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJtmdk2lSUqy8bYDNX6dRkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“兑子抢先”,一般指通过相等子力的交换来实现先后手的转换和形势优劣的转化等,通常包括交换谋子、兑子捉双、交换赚象、一车搏双(马炮或双马或双炮)等手段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO9kysF7dIOhN8yKtakRXkg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"先弃后取战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJYTpOuIjeaebp5voOc9q8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在对局中有计划地舍弃一子后,通过战术手段,或夺回一子、或取得攻势,以得到补偿,称为“先弃后取”,是中局阶段基本战术之一","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKlIyOO4MMXfI11YMU8xUne"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"弃子攻杀战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbnBPBHCfhHL3TVfKY0Gwoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"弃子攻杀,是在“宁失一子、不失一先”的战略思想指导下以子力换取先手攻势的一种战术。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntFxIwHRu7SzODXLRm7Io5r"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"规则战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaB1sEMAFdHGZ4BLqoLI3Dd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在实战中有意识地走成循环着法以得到于己有利的裁决手段,称之为规则战术。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZUes5pSyYFHEWL5WmwzMyt"},,"attrs":{"height":512,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"规则战术","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9361c1efaa2744a39a8100ac456de190","width":512},"text":"","id":"doxcnlke37x8UIgy0YjUN0yYisc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"残局战略","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBx0f4bhnVuKZqrcaBpiYRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"就全局而论,布局属于战略性的,残局属于战术性的。与中局不同的是,进入残局很难速战速胜,所以必须有个总的方针指导战术。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLW8hrAkolnYVdA0fSkMRqd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"优则图胜、劣则谋和","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn447sc4HlYxHX2lTRa2HhMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“优则图胜,劣则谋和”,在以全部子力投入规模较大,变化较多,斗争较激烈的中局中,遂然作出这样的决定是缺乏结束战斗的现实意义的。到中残交界由之而进入残局的阶段,子力既较少,例胜例和的定式又将依次出现,战斗的性质已临近结束阶段,“优则图胜,劣则谋和”的战略决定,不但成为可能的,而且成为迫切需要的了。所以方针上决定了“优则图胜”,需要攻不忘守,戒骄戒躁,稳步巩固优势;决定了“劣则谋和”,又应不屈不怯,奋力争取上游。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbMCZrtcIjmMdaoGTuXG7Zm"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"均势不败,创造战机。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlSTp6p7JZ0npImFb7qM1qK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"战略方针是依据实际形势而决定的。事实上优势可能变为劣势,那就要从图胜转为谋和;劣势可能变为优势,那就要从谋和转为图胜;均势可能失掉平衡,那又要转到“优则图胜,劣则谋和”的方针上来。总之,形势变,方针也要变,这叫做战略转换(临局去执行“优则图胜”的方针时,往往形势已走向不利了,仍然要坚持既定的方针,知进而不知退,以致遭到反击,胜负易位的情况是不少见的)。正因为形势有随时转变的可能,特别在双士(仕)","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、象(相)","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"残缺,将(帅)位置不很正常,兵(卒)肩负了影响战斗的巨大任务,成为互相纠缠的局面之下,歧路较多,操算不易,一着或失,面目全非。均势中创造战机,切记要立足于不败之地,因势利用、谨慎从事。这是在掌握战略上必须有的警觉和修养。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmaeyvsSoHiAr9Z6DPU51Iu"},,"attrs":{"height":238,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"均势不败,创造战机。","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1c1ea35bf63048ac863d90bbb11c9d5b","width":406},"text":"","id":"doxcnTj8JenQhqN8vtJhFWcgQAd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"好的对战心态","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXRs8usuOVOa354HKVqmD5c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保持必胜气势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFfhzRxeXlNzDFGJRQmVWie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"天下没有一定赢的棋,只有一定能赢的气魄和心态!为了胜利,就要下出必胜的气势,视野要开阔,计划要周密,行棋要果断,不要一味地惦记着眼前的得失,要机动、灵活、变通。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvCICHCmqzvLdkH5srmgt5g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"修身养性,切忌浮躁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaYluyg0kJduEeSdFeY6chf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有的棋手实战时一盘棋下得顺风顺水,便觉得局面都已占优,这时便愉快地哼着小曲、左顾右盼,在你注意力不集中的情况下,不是失去取胜良机就是出现昏招,形势顿时翻盘。接下来绝大多数棋手会立即要求再来一盘以求“报仇”,但是接下来的对局心态已失去了平常心,于是连下连败以致一败涂地。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwjTQw3Ops3nmQoAp8qrGeg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"具备谋略心机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni56oT9ysjUjwFl9JfPQnBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"谋略是为创造有利条件而实行的全盘性行动的计划和策略,也就是创造致胜条件。这需要长期的对弈、总结、打谱的积累。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn587vNRhBpOiG0ToWJsSsUR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、真正的进攻就要有收获,就要使局面朝着有利于自己的方向发展,这叫做攻有所获。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1DtERyynWMQtDMDFp2QMxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、单纯的防守不好,具有反击的防守才真正具有威力,这叫做守中有攻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns1UgMEqkPc0CYYVxNQQTqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、勇敢的人不惧怕任何对手,敢于搏杀,这叫做勇者无畏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAFYYMbU95qIF3jjheASB6H"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、在面对可能出现两种有利局面的时候,选择最大程度有利于自己取得胜利的局面。在面对可能出现两种不利局面的时候,选择最小程度不利于自己的局面。特别注意局部服从全局的道理,这叫做利害选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpbkOC72HkqLhEPCRsGOldd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、寻找出进攻的机会和线路,熟练地运用各种技战术,使局面朝理想方向发展,这叫做捕捉战机。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw660TJSn2ASnBomF9k6cqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、中局作战过程中,要时常对当前局面有清醒地认识,该攻则攻 ,当守则守,进攻的线路,防守的要点,都在审局度势的范围之中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4LpEKopuXxn593nQlndUbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、多算胜,少算不胜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUAiRhBtyV3mfWBVflpmX8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、善弈者攻心为上,攻城为下,心战为上,兵战为下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneiyacYMn94Cj57vjGlbxAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、以正合,以奇胜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMN7atj6MKYJGv56d6ZYMHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、棋虽小道,棋品最尊。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDRLT0H5z5ySco3cvVdHCEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、棋品如人品,人品有高低之分,棋品有深浅之说。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXA4SyDYpwZzj93IEE0DHHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"12、胜固可喜,败亦欣然。不怕输棋,就怕不敢下,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"不怕被打倒,就怕起不来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmTt9MiqodcWDqkRbHeL9ee"},,"attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"具备谋略心机","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c0ae89a477341c7a7c24fad2e4391dc","width":831},"text":"","id":"doxcnGTejp4Mzd0BvJyQh364YEf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"用心专注","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKpfqidU8Fzcc7yAxRItU3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 失去注意力,这不是一个战术或者战略错误,而是一个致命的错误。保持专注考验的是棋手的身体与心理两个方面的能力。专业棋手与初学者之间的差别在于,一般经验丰富的专业棋手在整场比赛中都可以保持专注,并且在必要时,他可以计算所有变化并选择正确的着法。而初学者则往往会失去注意力并且往往会犯错误。要解决这个问题,下棋时候慢一些,多下长时间的对局以训练保持注意力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuNh1fqlbTinRxj4D0CkVAe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"时刻关注自己将帅的安全!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnb9u6qD16sInCA5g3Hdrjvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学者总是喜欢疯狂地攻击,经常忘记了自己将帅的安全,从而结局总是悲伤的。请记住,在开始任何攻击之前,你必须首先确保将帅的安全。请记住,对手的每一步都可能隐藏着威胁。要积极计算与思考,积极探究双方可能的计划。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWBESiXMLsCCJSkKycl5Ijd"},,"attrs":{"height":422,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"时刻关注自己将帅的安全!","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/25a1d22bb4d8438ab04d3652555c5e67","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcn3hXPSJ7ZFMGEIGLsbShJXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncW96VNgD5mmVhnjEboGo6f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"不为外界干扰所动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLJQmu6ukTYCobv22hNqhEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋是个技艺的游戏,但是心理影响在对弈时起着非常重要的作用。现在比赛里对手为了给对手施加心理压力,手段方法数不胜数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO8XAONAjcNBkc8uVFQiwOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"避免受影响的方法是:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1TsPKvuY2pfwmEsxAS6I8Y"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、专注于棋盘,而不是对手本人。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8C7DUitLd9yKoYglB7a3hh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、总是按对手要走出最好的招法来想棋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0prfZcohDKJlofqe9wy9Pb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、如果对手有任何影响你的行为,要冷静思考应对。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnV8NZ4Cdvx94oBKcU7tqcTe"},,"attrs":{"height":642,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"不为外界干扰所动","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/993a590eb1b84dacb29678a4f47810e7","width":960},"text":"","id":"doxcnpMoRXbdyBrofCdXZlMOEdh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"入门必备书籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC3Lr5afnV4oyqHNxUORyag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《象棋入门》,金盾出版社。推荐指数:强烈推荐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNe686FnKoWcODW8ijUPx9c"},,"attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门必备书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6a17c3c1f8d04677ad7cf1b3ee692b67","width":345},"text":"","id":"doxcn4Jq0NwmTmFQn1Q3k29ibje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、《自出洞来无敌手》,推荐指数:强烈推荐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVnO2xUX5qvNPHEMKYec9K0"},,"attrs":{"height":1175,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门必备书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a5ca5fc558642648b69b53779b221e8","width":792},"text":"","id":"doxcnjc0ignkv499sAteOd6GU7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、《象棋指归》,贾题韬著。高屋建瓴,文字优美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhC8FN7QntI3G7L04O0wyPf"},,"attrs":{"height":426,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门必备书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/29d1602218f44541a8f2b6dc59d1a497","width":312},"text":"","id":"doxcnMA8KvIZFvCcepkAnftTe6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8ajiX4ITh6yjEQ4aOV31Zf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、《橘中秘》《梅花谱》提高残局最佳棋书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnh7cWQOq4LwtKuubwWrXTub"},,"attrs":{"height":584,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门必备书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2737352f1952439ab363550bea823fed","width":804},"text":"","id":"doxcnobPpvp5ZOwpgkQcULUQF3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW9Z0JYYyOuBXe43GChd63d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1s0uxjonwH7ARc8NE2wqfY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFZzZw9QoZUyklanBMZbcXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrfWVxWSDY3fp2i9HuxVbCc"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E